Historia y Arqueologia Marítima
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DESTRUCTOR "BROWN" 1961 D- 20
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Nombre: "BROWN" Tipo: Destructor clase Fletcher (ver Rosales) Año de referencia: 1961 Otros nombres: Es el ex U. S. S. "Heerman" (U. S. S. DD-532). Lugar de construcción: Boston. Massachussetts, EE.UU. de America. Forma de adquisición: Préstamo-arriendo del gobierno de los EE. UU. de América, por canje de notas del 4 de Marzo y 1º de Abril de 1960, avaladas por decreto N' 2216 "S" del 22 de marzo de 1961. El empleo de estas unidades fué condicionada a los términos del acuerdo. Discurso del C.E.J.A., día de la Armada 1968 - B. N. P. Nº 160/968). Datos del buque: Eslora: 113 m.; Manga: 12 m. Puntal: 5,40 m. Calado medio: 4,10 m. Desplazamiento: 2.700 Tn. Armamento: 4 cañones de cinco pulgadas. 6 cañones de tres pulgadas (Luego 6 cañones en montajes dobles). Juegos de tubos lanzatorpedos (5 tubos). 2 erizos de 24 cargas antisubmarinas c/u. 1 jaula lanza cargas de profundidad.
Ademas de lo nombrado,disponian de
lanzadores de torpedos acusticos,lanzables desde ambas bandas,(con
exclusividad de banda),complementado con el dispositivo acustico "Fanfarre"
para tomarlos si regresaban,montado en popa con decenas metros de
cable.-El sistema de Control de Tiro para la bateria principal,era
el GFCS Mk37,que incorporaba dos novedades,para esa epoca,(Para
nosotros)un Radar el MK25,que tenia Tracking automatico,(apuntado el
blanco,se pasaba el Director a automatico,a partir ahi no se
despegaria de el) y la calculadora de Tiro ,que dejaria de llamarse
mesa de calculos para ser Computadora la MK1,seguia siendo analogica-electromecanica,en
realidad estaba basada sobre las que tenian los cruceros 9 de julio
y Belgrano,ya con ella el problema podia resolverse en seis segundos
y si el Oficial operador estaba canchero,podia utilizar un
dispositivo que reducia ese tiempo a dos segundos.-El segundo
sistema,mas moderno era el GFCS MK56,con una consola futurista y un
director de tiro que podia girar sin topes ,este sistema podia
controlar tanto a la bateria principal de 5" como a la secundaria de
3".-Otra novedad era el TDS,Sistema de adquisicion de blanco,tenia
un display basado en el radar de busqueda,y cuatro
joistick,adaptados a la defensa cuandrantal del buque,desde ahi ,si
los directores de Tiro estaban en automatico,con el joistick,se los
llevaba hacia el blanco elegido,a apartir del cual los tomaba el
radar propio del sistema de CT.Para los erizos se disponia del
sistema antisubmarino MK105,con sonar y la
computadora,analogica,electromecanica,con una particularidad,estaba
basada en palancas(links) Un joyita.-El mismo sistema seria
instalado en el CIAO para practica de los sonaristas.
En cuanto a los cañones de 3" habian llegado al pais con sus directores de tiro ,pero sin el Alza Giroscopica correspondiente.Se aprovecho la participacion de la cuarentena sobre Cuba,y en un intermedio de la operación,se tomo puerto en San Juan de Puerto Rico,para realizar algunas reparaciones en las maquinas del Rosales,ahi se las solicito,y las dieron,(creo que su costo rondaba lso 500 mil dolares) como tambien repuestos de toda indole y municion,asi a la vuelta veniamos "cargaditos".-Se partio de San Juan,se realizo un ejercicio de tiro antiaereo con blanco remolcado,era el primero para nosotros y alcanzamos a salvar la ropa.- Americo Lohin Tripulación: 250 hombres. Máquinas: Turbinas General Electric de 60.000 HP. 2 hélices. Combustible: Fuel-oil. Capacidad: 650 Tn. Velocidad: 39 nudos (máxima1. Radio de acción: 6.000 millas a 15 nudos. HISTORIAL Fue botado en 1943, incorporándose de inmediato a las acciones de la guerra del Pacífico, en la Escuadra Norteamericana. 1943/1945 Por su campaña en esa guerra recibe una "Mención Especial Presidencial", en 1944. Terminada la guerra, pasó a situación de reserva hasta el año 1961. fecha en que se decide su traspaso a la .Armada Nacional. Por Decreto N' 4859 del 1º de junio de 1961 se lo bautiza v clasifica como "Destructor" (B. N. P. 184/61). El 10 de agosto de 1961 se afirma el pabellón argentino, tomando su comando el Capitán de Fragata D. Jorge Rodríguez (B. N. P. X" 17" 61). Prosiguen las tareas de reactivación del buque con personal argentino, y el 5 de mayo en el puerto de Norfolk, pasa a integrar la Fuerza de Tareas Nº 12.conjuntamente con el portaaviones "Independencia" emprendiendo viaje hacia el país. Previa escala en Puerto España (Trinidad) el 9 de mayo, zarpa desde esa isla el día 10 rumbo a Buenos Aires, efectuando ejercitaciones diversas de patrullado y cortina antisubmarina con la Fuerza de la cual forma parte. 1962 Se incorpora así en forma efectiva a la Flota de Mar, siendo recibida la nave por el comandante de ella, Vicealmirante D. Leandro M. Maloberti, así como el resto de la División, v en ese acto bendice a las naves el Obispo de Bahía Blanca, Monseñor Germiniano Esorto. Participa del Operativo "Unitas III", entre Golfo Nuevo y Río de Janeiro, regresando a la B. N. P. B. el 29 de septiembre. 1963 1964 "Mare Nostrum" Realiza todas las las navegaciones de adiestramiento de su División de la que es parte. Visita Buenos Aires en julio, recibiendo el 3 de ese mes su pabellón de combate como donacion del pueblo de Adrogué, Partido de Alm. Brown, Bs. Aires. 1965
1966 1967 Participa en diciembre en el Operativo "Orea". Integra la 2* División de Destructores de la Flota de Mar, con la cual interviene en el adiestramiento y actividad del año. 1968
1969 1970 1971 1972 Su ultima navegacion fue el 18-11-1975 hasta Puerto Belgrano, Fue vendido a los Establecimientos Metalúrgicos Santa Rosa para desguace como chatarra, siuendo entregado el 18.12.1979. Fuentes documentales: B. N. P.; A. G. M. Ver el articulo sobre los Fletcher en la pagina del DDRosales. |
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DD-532 USS Heermann (DD-532: dp. 2,100- 1. 376'3"; b. 39'8", dr. 13', s. over 30 k.; cpl. 273; a. 5 5", 10 21" tt., 6 dcp.; 2 dct.; cl.Fletcher ) Heermann (DD-532) was launched 5 December 1942 by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Co. of San Francisco; sponsored by Mrs. Edward B. Briggs, wife of Lt. E. B. Briggs, USCGR, great grandson of the namesake, and commissioned 6 July 1943, Cmdr. Dwight M. Agnew, USN. in command
After shakedown training out of San Diego, Heermann joined the 5th Fleet
21 October 1943 for the assault on the Gilbert Islands, the second major
offensive thrust in the Navy's conquest of Japan's far-flung Pacific
empire. She arrived off Tarawa in Rear Admiral Harry W. Hill's Southern
Attack Force 20 November. Heermann set course first for Majuro Lagoon and then Purvis Bay, Florida Island, Solomons and reported to Commander 3d Fleet and Task Force 39, 18 March 1944. For the next month she divided her time between protecting troop and resupply convoys which were occupying Emirau Island and hunting enemy supply barges along the coast of New HanoverBack in Port Purvis 3 June, Heermann participated in the bombardment of a tank farm on Fangelawa Bay, New Ireland, 11 June, and then searched for submarines along sealanes leading from the Solomons towards the Admiralties, the Carolines, and the Marshall Islands until 26 June. The summer of 1944 found Heermann busy escorting Navy and Merchant shipping to rendezvous where they joined convoys bound for various ports. This duty took her to Espiritu Santo, New Hebrides Islands and Noumea, New Caledonia Island.
Haciendo una cortina de humo en la batalla del Golfo de Leyte, Octubre de 1944 Heermann cleared Port Purvis 6 September 1944 with Rear Admiral William D. Sample's escort carrier force that provided air support during the invasion of the Palau Islands. After replenishing at Seeadler Harbor, Admiralty Islands, she sortied 12 October 1944 with a fire support group for the liberation of the Philippine Islands. Heermann screened transports and landing ships safely to the beaches of Leyte and then joined Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague's Escort Carrier Group (Task Group 77.4) which was made up of three escort carrier task units, known as the "Three Taffies" because of their voice calls: "Taffy 1", "Taffy 2", and "Taffy 3". Destroyers Hoel and Johnston joined her in screening Rear Admiral Clifton A. F. Sprague's unit, "Taffy 3" which also included his flagship Fanshaw Bay (CVE 70) and three other escort carriers Dawn of 25 October 1944 found "Taffy 3" east of Samar steaming north as the Northern Air Support Group. "Taffy 2" was in the central position patrolling off the entrance to Leyte Gulf, and "Taffy 1" covered the Southern approaches to the Gulf some 130 miles to the southeast of Heermann's "Taffy 3". At 0645 "Taffy 3's" lookouts observed antiaircraft fire to the northward and within 3 minutes were under heavy fire from Japanese Admiral Kurita's powerful Center Force of four battleships, 6 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, and 11 destroyers. The battle off Samar was thus joined. The only chance for survival of the little group of light American ships lay in slowing the advances of the enemy warships while withdrawing toward Leyte Gulf and hoped-for assistance. The carriers promptly launched their planes to attack the Japanese vessels, and the escorts promptly set to work generating smoke to hide the American ships.
Vista general lateral
Heermann, in a position of comparative safety on the disengaged side of
the carriers at the start of the fight, steamed into the action at flank
speed through the formation of "baby flattops" who, after
launching their last planes, formed a rough circle as they turned toward
Leyte Gulf. Since smoke and intermittent rain squalls had reduced
visibility to less than 100 yards, it took alert and skillful seamanship
to avoid colliding with friendly ships during the dash to battle. She
backed emergency full to avoid destroyer escort Samuel B. Roberts and
repeated the maneuver to miss destroyer Hoel as Heermann formed column on
the screen flagship in preparation for a torpedo attack.
As she began the run, dye from enemy shells daubed the water nearby with
circles of brilliant red, yellow., and green. Heermann replied to this
challenge by pumping her 5-inch shells at one heavy cruiser, Chikuma, as
she directed seven torpedoes at another, Haguro. When the second of these
"fish" had left the tube, Heermann changed course to engage a
column of four battleships whose shells began churning the water nearby.
She trained her guns on Kongo, the column's leader, at whom she launched
three torpedoes. Then she quickly closed Haruna, the target of her last
three torpedoes, which were launched from only 4,400 yards.
Foto de tiempo de guerra, se observa bien la disposicion y tipo de armamento de este tipo de destructor Heermann sped to the starboard quarter of the carrier formation to lay more concealing smoke and then charged back into the fight a few minutes later, placing herself boldly between the escort carriers and the column of four enemy heavy cruisers. Here she engaged Japanese cruiser Chikuma in a duel which seriously damaged both ships. A series of 8-inch hits flooded the forward part of the plucky destroyer, pulling her bow down so far that her anchors were dragging in the water. One of her guns was knocked out but the others continued to pour a deadly stream of 5-inch shells at the cruiser, which also came under heavy air attack during the engagement. The combined effect of Heermann's guns and the bombs, torpedoes, and strafing from carrier-based planes was too much for Chikama who tried to withdraw but sank during her flight.
Con el camouflage de guerra.
As Chikuma turned away, heavy cruiser Tone turned her guns on Heermann who
replied shell for shell until she reached a position suitable to resume
laying smoke for the carriers. At this point planes from Admiral Stump's
"Taffy 2" swooped in to sting Tone so severely that she too
broke off action and fled. The courageous attacks of the destroyers and
aircraft thus saved the outgunned task groups.
Haciendo una cortina de humo en la batalla del Golfo de Leyte, Octubre de 1944
On 15 August 1945 Heermann was on radar picket station some 200 miles
southeast of Tokyo when. several hours after the announcement of the end
of hostilities, a suicide plane emerged from a cloud bank and began to
dive in Heermann's direction only to be splashed by the destroyer's alert
gunners in one of the final naval actions of World War II. In the
following weeks Heermann operated in the screen of the fast carrier task
force providing air cover and airsea rescue service while General
MacArthur and Admiral Nimitz were preparing to occupy Japan. She entered
Tokyo Bay 16 September 1945, and remained in the area to support
Newport News 1957 For the next year and a half Heermann participated in training exercises along the Atlantic coast. On 1 February she sailed to join the 6th Fleet in exercises along the coast of Lebanon, Israel and Egypt.
Entrando a Mónaco, por el casamiento de Grace Kelly In April she was invited by Prince Ranier to be in port for his wedding to Miss Grace Kelly 19-24 April 1956. She furnished a 40 man honor guard for the occasion. From Monaco she joined the 6th Fleet off Greece, and then departed for Fall River, Mass., where she arrived 28 May 1956. Heermann operated out of Newport until 6 November when she sailed for the Mediterranean where she proved to be a first-rate antisubmarine ship in joint exercises with the Italian Navy. After revisiting Monaco at the invitation of Prince Ranier and Princess Grace, she returned to Fall River 20 February 1957. She served as gunnery schoolship out of Newport until 30 June when she joined Badger in the screen of antisubmarine warfare carrier Leyte for 2 weeks of air operations for the training of Academy midshipmen. She decommissioned at Boston 20 December 1957 and was assigned to the Boston Group of the U.S. Atlantic Reserve Fleet.
En Boston, 1958, en reserva. On 14 August 1961 she was transferred on a loan basis to the government of Argentina under terms of the Military Assistance Program she serves in the Argentine Navy under the name Brown (D-20).
En Boston, 1961, en preparacion para su entrega a Argentina
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